0 Vocabulary : Parts of Body and Shapes

VOCABULARY : PART OF BODY AND SHAPES

Simple Straight sided shapes
Rectangle
Square
Triangle

Simple Rounded shapes
Circle
Oval
3D shapes
Cone
Cube
Cylinder
Pyramid
Sphere

Mathematical shapes
Parallelogram                hexagon
Pentagon – 5 sides
Octagon – 8 sides

Miscellaneous shapes
Diamond
Heart
coffin
teardrop
shell
star
kite

0 Invitation

Invitation

Invitation is tell about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity.

Example sentence:
* I would like you to
* Whould you like to….?
* Shall we…………..?
* Let’s have dinner together with me tonight

Examples to accept the invitation :

* All right!
* I will come
* I would love to

Example sentences to refuse / decline an Invitation :

For the example of dialogue about Invitation
Dhina : Hi, don.What are you doing tonight ?
Doni : I wiil just stay at home
Dhina : Well,whould you like to come my birthday tonight?
Doni : Oww, you are going to celebrate your birthday, what time?
Dhina : At .06.00.p.m .Don’t be Late
Doni : All right .Thankz for you invite me
Dhina : Okay.See you tonight .Good bye
Doni : Good bye too

0 Giving Attention

Giving Attention

Giving attention

   
Giving Attention is way or expression that is spoken, so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.

The example expression of gaining attention:

·         Attention please

·         May, I have your attention, please?

·         Excuse me look here!

·         Listening to me, please

·         Waiter?

·         I’m sorry but I will go

·         Wow really?

Giving attention, use simpe present tense

And we give attention  or affection to people.

Example of giving attention:

• Are you alright/o.k?
• What’s wrong with you?
• Do you?
• Really?
• Are you?
• Did he?
• Nice dress?
• Is that it?
• Can I help you.?

 For Example :
1. Konsumen  : Waiter..
    Waiter        : Yes ma'am, can I help you.?
2. Ozy            : You are look so bad, What’s wrong with you?
    Elbau          : Nothing, I'm just have a little headache.

0 Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is used to talk about activities in the past and have still a contact with the time now.

Use the present perfect tense when:

• Something happened in the past, and
• The result of happening is still there

This is different from the simple past tense:

1. I closed the window. (The result; You don’t know if the window is still closed or not)
2. bernard went to singapore. (The result; he is no longer in singapore)

The Affirmative Form
Pattern : S + Auxiliary Verb (Have/Has) + past participle + . . .
Examples:
1. He has bought a bicycle  here. (He has the bicycle)
2. I lived in paris (I know paris)

This tense often uses “for” and “since” especially to express the continuing events.
Examples:
1. I have been here for 30 minutes.
2. I have been here since 10 o’clock.

Contractions with the present tense:
I have → I’ve
You have → You’ve
He has → He’s
She has → She’s

It has → It’s
Wima has → Wima’s
We have → We’ve
They have → They’ve

Contraction of ‘s may be confusing sometimes. It can come from the verb be (is) or the auxiliary has. But you can understand it from the context.
The key are:
→ The contraction of ‘s from the auxiliary verb has when it is followed by past participle.
→ The contraction of ‘s from the verb be (is) when it is followed by nouns, adjectives, or V-ing
Examples;
1. She’s borrowed my headset. (auxiliary has)
2. She’s listening to music. (verb be)

The Negative Form
Pattern: S = Auxiliary verb (Have/Has) + not + past participle + …
Examples:
1. sandy has not gone to the movie.
2. He has not finished repairing the radio.

The Interrogative Form
Pattern: Auxiliary (Have/Has) + S + Past Participle + … + ?
Examples:
1. Has bernard finished his homework?
2. Have student done their assignments?

The present perfect tense often uses adverb “just, ever, never, and already”, especially to express the speaker’s experiences or new information. (Note: never = not ever)

Examples:
+ We have just lived in Japan.
- sandy has not already finished her homework.
? Has Sonny ever eaten quail eggs?

0 Narrative Text

Narrative Text

Narrative Text 

Someone tells a narrative text in order to entertain, stimulate emotion or to teach.
A narrative text has three elements or parts :

1. The orientation introduces main characters in a setting of place and time. It tells about : the story’s setting , the time when the story happens, and the main characters of the story.
2. The complications tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them. Series of events ( It includes situations, activities, or events that lead to the climax or complication. )
3. The Resolution tells the ending of the story (The complication or problem is solved here. It shows the end of the story, usually a happy ending ).
A narrative text uses the simple past tense.


EXAMPLE :

The Prince and Princess

There once was a prince who wanted to marry a princess, but it had to be a real princess. So he went all over the world looking for a real princess. Everywhere he met young ladies who told him they were real princesses, but he could never be completely sure that this was true. There was always something about them that did not seem quite right. And so, after along time, the prince went back home to his parents and was very sad.
One evening there was a terrible storm. It rained heavily and there was thunder and lightning in the sky above the royal castle. Then there was a knock at the castle gate. The old king went out to see who it could be.
A princess was standing outside the gate. The rain ran down over her hair and clothes and into her shoes. She told the king that she was a real princess, and he asked her to come inside.
“Well, said the old queen. We’ll soon find out if that is true. She went into the guest bedroom and took the mattress and blanket off the bed. Then she put a little green pea on the bed. She put twenty mattress on top of the pea, and then twenty blankets on top of the mattress. This was where the princess was going to spend the night.
The next morning the queen asked the princess how she had slept.
“Oh, it was terrible!” answered the princess. “I didn’t close my eyes all night. I don’t know what was in my bed, but I lay on something hard, and now I am black and blue all over. It was quite a terrible night”
Now, the king, the queen and the prince could be sure that this was a real princess! She had felt the little pea through twenty mattresses and twenty blankets. Only a real princess will be able to do that!
So the prince married the princess, and the pea was put in a museum for everyone to see. And, unless someone has taken it, it is still there today.

0 Recount Text

Recount Text

Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing of entertaining.

The generic structure of recount text are :

• Orientation (it gives the reader the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)
• Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
• Re-orientation (restates the writer's opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incedent)

The significant lexicogrammatical features :

• Use of simple past tense
• Use of temporal conjunction (when, after, before, next, later, then)
• Use of personal pronouns (I,we) and nouns
• Use of adverbs (place, manner, time)

·         The example of recount text :

In The Sunny Day

 Orientation 

·         Last weekend, my family and I went to Rongkang beach near our grandparents' house. The day was sunny and hot, of course. It was on June. That's why the day was very bright. In our country, Indonesia, We had two seasons. They were dry season and rainy season. The dry season started from May and lasted for 5 months. While, rainy season started from November and ended in March. The view was so beautiful. There were many people at the beach. Most of them were teenagers.

Event

·         We were having fun. We built a sandcastle. We had to rebuild twice before it really stoodup. The first attempt failed because we built it too close to the water. And the second attempt, the suc­cessful one, was just right. The spot we chose was not too close to the water and the mixture was good.

Re-orientation

·         Our parents loved our work. Some people who passed our castle loved it, too. They even took pitures near our castle. We were so proud of our work that day.

0 Greeting

Greeting is an act of communication, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures.

example of gretings:

-Good morning 01.00 a.m until 12.00 p.m

-Good afternoon 12.00 p.m. until 06.00 p.m

-Good evening 06.00 p.m. until 12.00 a.m

-How's life ?
-How's everything with you ?
-How are you doing ?
-How are you ?

leave taking:

-Good bye.
-See you tomorrow.

-See you later.

-Sorry,but I have to go
-See you next time

example greetings in dialog:

Seno: Hi Eldi, how are you to day?
Eldi  : I'm fine, how about you?
Seno: I'm fine too,thanks,by the way, do you bring my flashdisk?
Eldi  : I'm sorry, i'm forgot to bring it
Seno: It's all right,but don't forget to bring it tomorrow, okay
Eldi  : Okay,don't worry i will bring it tomorrow, see you tomorrow Seno
Seno: Bye, Eldi